JOCC 9,3-4_f2_339-356.indd
نویسنده
چکیده
Th e primary debate among scholars who study the evolution of religion concerns whether religion is an adaptation or a byproduct. Th e dominant position in the fi eld is that religious beliefs and behaviors are a byproduct of cognitive processes and behaviors that evolved for other purposes. A smaller group of scholars maintain that religion is an adaptation for extending human cooperation and coordination. Here I survey fi ve critiques of the adapationist position and off er responses to these critiques. Much of the debate can be resolved by clearly defi ning important but ambiguous terms in the debate, such as religion, adaptation, adaptive, and trait, as well as clarifying several misunderstandings of evolutionary processes. I argue that adaptationist analyses must focus on the functional eff ects of the religious system, the coalescence of independent parts that constitute the fabric of religion.
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